A precision measurement tool utilizing a telescoping gauge and dial indicator to give readings of inside diameter measurements. Often used for inspection of cylinder bores for taper and out of round.

An engine lubrication system commonly used on motorcycles and ATVs. This system is set up so that the bulk of the engine oil is stored in a remote location such as an oil tank or the motorcycle frame itself. The oil is fed into the supply side of the oil pump by gravity and is pumped through the engine and then returned to the oil tank or frame by the return side of the oil pump. Dry sump lubrication systems allow the engine to be placed lower in the frame for a lower center of gravity to improve handling.

A clutch fitted on a motorcycle engine that is not located in an oil bath. Used primarily in high performance or racing motorcycles, a dry clutch doesn’t consume as much power as a wet clutch, but it is nosier and tends to wear out sooner.

A clutch plate which is indexed onto a motorcycle clutch inner hub by tabs or splines around its inside diameter. Driven plates are usually made from steel and have a smooth surface – they drive the transmission input shaft through the clutch inner hub.

A drive plate (also called a friction plate) is a special clutch plate that is indexed into a motorcycle’s clutch basket (outer hub) with tabs. A drive plate has friction material attached to its surface on both sides. When the motorcycle rider engages the clutch, the drive plate(s) transfers power to the driven plate(s), which are usually plain stamped steel (rarely aluminum) plates.

In terms of a motorcycle transmission a dog refers to a knob on the side of a gear that aligns or interlocks with a matching dog or hole in an adjacent gear. Can also refer to friend of yours…”Listen up, dog, you know what I mean” for example.

A solid state electronic component that allows electrical current to flow in only one direction, often described as a one way electrical gate.

The process of removing carbon buildup from engine and exhaust components. These parts include but are not limited to the piston, the combustion chamber, valves (four-stroke engine), power-valve (two-stroke engine), exhaust pipe and silencer. If carbon is allowed to accumulate it can raise engine compression and engine temperatures, cause component damage and reduce engine performance. Excess carbon build-up can produce hot-spots on a piston leading to detonation and pre-ignition – both of which are detrimental in a gasoline powered engine. On two stroke engines, carbon buildup can restrict the exhaust port volume and reduce performance. The process of de-carbonizing an engine is also called de-coking the engine. Methods for decarbonizing an engine include but are not limited to scraping carbon from the engine parts with a plastic knife, using an abrasive cleaning pad, steel wool, emery cloth and or chemical cleaners.

A tool specially made for cutting and cleaning male threads on bolts and studs. Dies are included in tap and die sets available from most tool suppliers.

The drive train describes the components that deliver the power produced by a motorcycle or ATV engine to the drive wheel(s). It includes the hardware that connects the crankshaft to the clutch, the clutch to the transmission and finally the transmission to the final drive (chain, shaft or belt) that turns the wheel(s).

Motorcycles and ATVs share very similar drive train systems. Some use gears or chains to connect the crankshaft to the clutch and belts or gears to connect the clutch to the transmission. Sportbikes and sport ATVs are often fitted with chains to the rear wheel. Cruisers and Utility ATVs may use drive shafts that are similar to a car. Some motorcycle manufacturers like Harley Davidson (and a few other brands) use belt final drive.

Christini is a manufacturer of All Wheel Drive Motorcycle Systems. The company heavily modifies existing drive train systems to produce an All Wheel Drive motorcycle.